Start by dissecting the phone number to figure out what country and city the call came from. The initial digits of the number is a country code followed by a city code. There are a number of international phone call code lookups you can use. Then Google the local number with the country name or the city name as part of the search, and with a bit of luck, you'll have the identification you're looking for.
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Need more information? Newspaper archives are one of the best online research tools. If you're searching for information on people, try Intelius.
